Peru conflict #2

Thesis Statement:

The conflict in Peru was a colossal case which involved all the dimensions of conflict.

Quotes (To choose from):

• "A band of suspected Shining Path guerillas attacked an army helicopter, killing one soldier. The February 17 incident led the military to step up counter subversive operations activities in the are." [Associated Press, March 3, 2001].
• "The government stated on three occasions- in 1993, 1996, and 1999- that the last remaining insurgents still in activity lacked military or political significance- declarations that amounted to a confirmation that the war was over. But the Sendero Luminoso faction known as Sendero Rojo (Red Path) killed four police and wounded six others in an August 7 ambush in the jungle valley of Satipo, 350 km east of Lima, just 11 days after President Alejandro Toledo was sworn into office." [InterPress Service, August 15, 2001].

• "During the day, about 300 soldiers and police surrounded Yanamayo prison, which lies 3,870m (12,700 ft) up in the Andes mountains. On Monday, the Peruvian government had confirmed that the rebels killed a fellow inmate after he tried to stop the hostage-taking. A police guard was also killed in a three-hour clash on Sunday when security forces tried but failed to rescue the hostages." [BBC News, February 9, 2000].
• "[Fujimori’s] strong-arm tactics in defeating Peru’s two main guerrilla movements has previously given him popularity." [BBC News, February 24, 2000].

Sourced from: "Armed Conflicts Report - Peru." Project Ploughshares Home Page. Feb. 2002. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .

Quotes about Political Developments:

• "The Peruvian congress voted to indict former President Alberto Fujimori, charging him with abandonment of office and nonfullfillment of duties." [CNN, February 23, 2001].
• "Peru’s congress unanimously approved a ‘constitutional accusation’ against former President Alberto Fujimori on charges of homicide and forced disappearances. A congressional investigation committee accused Fujimori of being the co-author of crimes against humanity for the killing of 25 people in two army death squad operations in the early 90's." [CNN, August 28, 2001].
• "A top Peruvian judge issued an international arrest warrant for the arrest of Alberto Fujimori. Supreme Court Judge Jose Luis Lecaros declared Fujimori an absent criminal for failing to appear before him to answer charges that he abandoned the duties of his office." [CNN, August 28, 2001].
• "Former Guatemalan foreign minister Eduardo Stein, head of the OAS team, left Peru yesterday saying he had been ‘deceived and disappointed’ by Mr Fujimori’s officials. ‘The conditions of the elections do not provide a strong basis for legitimacy’, he told The New York Times. Earlier, he criticized problems with vote-counting computers and unfair media coverage of Mr. Alejandro Toledo." [The Globe and Mail, May 27, 2000].

Source from: "Armed Conflicts Report - Peru." Project Ploughshares Home Page. Feb. 2002. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .

In the ceremony marking the end of the Commission's work, its chairman, Salomón Lerner said:

"The report we hand in contains a double outrage: that of massive murder, disappearance and torture; and that of indolence, incompetence and indifference of those who could have stopped this humanitarian catastrophe but didn't."

Sourced from: "Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru)." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .

Facts:

• Peruvian Military leader - General Juan Vealesco
• President of Peru in 1975 - Francisco Morales Bermudez
• Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) leader - Abimael Guzman
• Indigenous peasents - Quecha and Aymara
• Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (Moviemiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru) Leader - Victor Polay Campos and Nestor Cerpa Cartolini
• Government of Peru (Administrator) - Alberto Fujimori
• President of Peru at the time of Conflict - Fernando Belaunde Terry
• President of Peru after conflict - Alejandro Toledo
  

Sourced from: "Internal conflict in Peru: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article." AbsoluteAstronomy.com. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .

Government forces:

Fernando Belaúnde Terry
Alan García
Alberto Fujimori

Opposing Forces:

Abimael Guzmán (Surrender)
Óscar Ramírez (Surrender)
Comrade Artemio

Víctor Polay (Surrender)
Néstor Cerpa Cartolini (Killed in Battle)

Sourced From: "Internal conflict in Peru." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .

Trasitional Justice Process used- *Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Reparation and governmental institutional reform.

*Truth and Reconciliation Commission = Biggest resolution to conflict

- Established in June 2001
- Purpose = examine attrocities committed from 1980s-1990s
- Focused on massacares, dissapearences, human rights violences, terrorist attacks, and violence against women committed my Shining Path, MRTA and military of Peru.
- Politicians, military commanders, and members of the congress were among those against the TRC.
- Shining Path= most responsible, military = 2nd responsible, MRTA = least responsible.
- People involved in TRC:

• Dr. Salomón Lerner Febres: Philosophy doctor and president of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. (Chairman).
• Dr. Beatriz Alva Hart: Lawyer, former member of the Congress of Peru.
• Dr. Rolando Ames Cobián: Sociologist, political researcher and analyst.
• Monsignor José Antúnez de Mayolo: La Salle priest, ex apostolic administrator of the Ayacucho Archdiocese.
• Retired Air Force Lieutenant General Luis Arias Grazziani: An expert in national security issues.
• Dr. Enrique Bernales Ballesteros: Doctor at Law, constitutionalist, Executive Director of the Andean Jurists Commission.
• Dr. Carlos Iván Degregori Caso: Anthropologist, professor at Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, member of the Instituto de Estudios Peruanos[1] (Peruvian Studies Institute).
• Father Gastón Garatea Yori: Sacred Hearts priest and president of the Consensus Building Table for Poverty Fighting.
• Minister Humberto Lay Sun: Architect, leader of the Assemblies of God, evangelical denomination of the Evangelic National Concilium, CONEP.
• Ms. Sofía Macher Batanero: Sociologist, ex Executive Secretary of the Human Rights National Coordinator.
• Engineer Alberto Morote Sánchez: Ex President of Universidad San Cristóbal de Huamanga.
• Engineer Carlos Tapia García: Political researcher and analyst.

Sourced from: "Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru)." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .

(Other facts about the conflict on the previous homework)

Sources from previous homework: "Peru Conflict Briefing." FlashPoints. Web. 16 Feb. 2010. .